Contract Questions and Answers

What is the commercial code?

The Uniform Commercial Code was developed to allow each state to adopt a uniform system of regulating various items that were often the subject of contracts throughout the United States. The intent of the draft was to provide a uniform system of contracting and, in the process, most Uniform Commercial Codes of various states include specific statements and rules relative to sales; leases; negotiable instruments; bank deposits; collections; funds transfers; letters of credit; warehouse receipts; bills of lading; documents of title; investment securities; and secured transactions, including sales of account, contract rights, and chattel paper. The Uniform Commercial Code has evolved over the years, and each state has its own specific breakdown and particular emphasis on portions of the Uniform Commercial Code that relate to contracting in that particular state. Please see specific state for details and/or differences.

ALABAMA
In Alabama, the Uniform Commercial Code is found under Title 7 and is entitled “Commercial Code.” It became effective in present form in 1992 and is broken down into twelve articles, namely: Article 1)-General Provisions; Article 2)-Sales; Article 2A)-Leases; Article 3)-Commercial Paper; Article 4)-Bank Deposits and Collections; Article 4A)-Funds Transfers; Article 5)-Letters of Credit; Article 6)-Bulk Transfers; Article 7)-Warehouse Receipt, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title; Article 8)-Investment Securities; Article 9)-Secured Transactions, Sales of Accounts and Chattel Paper; Article 10)-Effective Date and Repealer; and Article 11)-Effective Date and Transition Provisions.

ALASKA
Title 45 of Trade and Commerce under the Alaska Code is known as the Uniform Commercial Code. Its date of enactment or its effective date was January 1, 1994. Title 45 is divided into various chapters including the following: Chapter 1 -General Provisions; Chapter 2) -Sales; Chapter 3) -Negotiable Instruments; Chapter 4) -Bank Deposits and Collections; Chapter 5) -Letters of Credit; Chapter 7) -Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title; Chapter 8) -Investment Securities; Chapter 9) -Secured Transactions, Sales of Accounts, Contract Rights, and Chattel Paper; Chapter 10) -Alaska Retail Installment Sales Act; Chapter 12) -Leases; Chapter 14) -Funds Transfers; Chapter 20) -Purchase of Ore; Chapter 30) -Sales of Mobile Homes; Chapter 45) -Trade Practices; Chapter 50) - Competitive Practices and Regulation of Competition; Chapter 55) -Alaska Securities Act of 1959; Chapter 57) -Takeover Bid Disclosure Act; Chapter 63) -Telephone Solicitations; Chapter 65) -Handicrafts and Works of Art; Chapter 68) -Charitable Solicitations; Chapter 70) -Sureties; Chapter 75) -Weights and Measures Act; Chapter 77) -Foreign Trade Zones; Chapter 88) -Alternative Energy Revolving Loan Fund; Chapter 89) -Residential Energy Conservation Fund; Chapter 90) -Tourism Revolving Fund; Chapter 92) -Fishery Product Revolving Loan Guarantee Fund; Chapter 94) - Forest Products Business Loan Guarantee Program; Chapter 95) -Small Business Loans; and Chapter 98) -Historical District Loan Act.

ARIZONA
The Uniform Commercial Code was a uniform law drafted by the National Conference of Commissions on Uniform State Laws and American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transaction. The Uniform Commercial Code was adopted in Arizona on February 20, 1967. The effective date for the Uniform Commercial Code in Arizona was January 1, 1968. It was principally designed to regulate sales and the leasing of goods, along with the transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits and collections. Additionally, its design includes the regulation of letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities and secured transactions.

ARKANSAS
The Uniform Commercial Code in the state of Arkansas is covered under Chapters 27 through 97 in Volume 22B and is entitled “Business and Commercial Law.” Subtitle One is entitled “Uniform Commercial Code” and is broken down into the following chapters: Chapter 1)-General Provisions; Chapter 2)-Sales; Chapter 3)-Negotiable Instrument; Chapter 4)-Bank Deposits and Collections; Chapter 4A)-Funds/Transfers; Chapter 5)-Letters of Credit; Chapter 6)-Bulk Transfers; Chapter 7)-Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title; Chapter 8)-Investment Securities; Chapter 9)-Secured Transactions, Sales of Accounts, Contract Rights and Chattel Paper; and Chapter 10)-Effective Date and Repealer.

CALIFORNIA
The Uniform Commercial Code of the state of California is broken down into 12(twelve) chapters. Chapter 1 relates to Title, Construction, Location and Subject Matter. Chapter 1 also relates to General Definitions and Principles of Interpretation, and its initial Section is 1201. Chapter 2 deals in Sales with its initial Section as 2101 with the Title, General Construction Subject Matter; Form, Formation and Readjustment commencing at Section 2201; General Obligation and Construction of Contract commences at Section 2301; Title Creditors and Good Faith Purchasers commences at Section 2401; Performance commences at Section 2501; Breach, Repudiation and Excuse commences at Section 2601 and Remedies commences at Section 2701. Chapter 4 dealing with Commercial Paper commences at Section 3101 and is broken down with the following: Short Title, Form and Interpretation commencing at 3101, Transfer and Negotiation commencing at 3201, Rights of a Holder commencing at Section 3301, Liability of Parties commencing at Section 3401, Presentation, Notice of Dishonor and Protest commencing at Section 3501, Discharge commencing at Section 3601, Advice of International Sight Draft commencing at Section 3701 and Miscellaneous commencing at Section 3801. Chapter 4 dealing with Bank Deposits and Collections begins at Section 4101 and is broken down as follows: General Provisions and Definitions commence at Section 4101, Collection of Items Including Depository and Collecting Banks commences at Section 4201, Collection of items Including Payor banks commences at Section 4301, Relationship between Payor Bank and its Customers commences at Section 4401 and Collection of Documentary Drafts commences at Section 4501. Chapter 5 deals with Letters of Credit and commences at Section 5101. Bulk Transfer is found in Chapter 6 and commences at Section 6101. Chapter 7 deals with Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and other Documents of Title and commences at Section 7101. The Bulk Transfer portion no longer applies. Chapter 8 deals with Investment Securities and commences at Section 8101. Secured Transactions including Sales of Accounts, Contract Rights and Chattel Paper commences at Section 9101. The Effective Date and Repealer is found in Chapter 10. The Effective Date and Transition Provision are found in Chapters 11 and 12.

COLORADO
The Uniform Commercial Code in the state of Colorado is found under Title 4. For the various code sections, see 4-1-101 et. seq. The Uniform Commercial Code was adopted in 1987 in the state of Colorado. The Uniform Commercial Code in Colorado is broken down into twelve Articles. Those Articles include the following: Article 1)-General Provisions; Article 2)-Sales; Article 3)-Commercial Paper; Article 4)-Bank Deposits and Collections; Article 5)-Letters of Credit; Article 6)-Bulk Transfers; Article 7)-Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents; Article 8)-Investment Securities; Article 9)-Secured Transactions; Article 9.5)-Central Filing of Effective Financial Statements; Article 10)-Effective Date; and Article 11)-Fees.

CONNECTICUT
The Uniform Commercial Code in the state of Connecticut is found under Title 42a. It became effective in 1959. Article 1 of Title 42 deals with General Provisions. Article 2 deals with Sales, and Sales is divided into various subparts. Those subparts are addressed at this juncture in relationship to contracts. Part 1 deals with the Short Title and General Construction and Subject Matter and is entitled “Uniform Commercial Code-Sales” and is found under Section 42a-2-101. The General Obligation and Construction of a contract may be found under Part 3 commencing at 42a-2-301. Matters dealing with Title, Creditors and Good Faith Purchases are under Part 4 and Part 5, while Part 5 deals with performance. Part 6 deals with Breach Repudiation and Excuse, and Part 7 deals with Remedies. For the remaining portions of the Uniform Commercial Code in the state of Connecticut, see Title 42a.

DELAWARE
The Uniform Commercial Code is one of the uniform laws drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. Its intent is to govern sales, leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits and collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities and secured transactions.

FLORIDA
The Uniform Commercial Code in the state of Florida may be found under Chapters 670 et. seq. Chapter 670 is the Uniform Commercial Code relative to Article 4A-Funds Transfers; Chapter 671-Uniform Commercial Code, Article 1 deals with General Provisions; Chapter 672-Uniform Commercial Code, Article 2 deals with Sales. Each of the foregoing chapters is found in Volume 1. In Volume 1a, the contents of the Uniform Commercial Code may be found: Chapter 673-Uniform Commercial Code (Article 3-Negotiable Instruments); Chapter 674-Uniform Commercial Code(Article 4-Bank Deposits and Collections); Chapter 675-Uniform Commercial Code(Article 5-Letters of Credit); Chapter 677-Uniform Commercial Code(Article 7-Warehouse Receipts Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title); Chapter 678-Uniform Commercial Code(Article 8-Investment Securities). In Volume 2, the following portions of the Uniform Commercial Code may be found: Chapter 679-Uniform Commercial Code(Article 9-Secured Transactions; Sales of Accounts and Chattel Paper); and Chapter 680-Uniform Commercial Code(Article 2A-Leases).

GEORGIA
The Uniform Commercial Code in the state of Georgia is found as Title 109A. The Uniform Commercial Code is divided into eleven(11) Articles, and the Code was adopted in 1962. The effective date of the Act was postponed until April 1, 1963. In 1963, the Act was amended and was further postponed until the effective date of January 1, 1964. The Uniform Commercial Code in Georgia includes the following: Article 1)-General Provisions; Article 2)-Sales; Article 3)-Commercial Paper; Article 4)-Bank Deposits and Collections; Article 5)-Letters of Credit; Article 6)-Bulk Transfers; Article 7)-Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title; Article 8)-Investment Securities; Article 9)-Secured Transactions, Sales of Account and Chattel Paper; Article 10)-Effective Date of Repealer; and Article 11)-Effective Date and Transition Provisions. Article 11 also includes revised Article 9-Conforming Amendments to Other Articles.

HAWAII
The Uniform Commercial Code in Hawaii is regulated pursuant to Title 27, Chapter 490--particularly see Sections 490:1-101 to 490:11-108. The following articles should be noted: Article 1-General Provisions; Article 2-Sales; Article 2A-Leases; Article 3-Negotiable Instruments; Article 4-Bank Deposits and Collections; Article 4A-Funds Transfers; Article 5-Letters of Credit; Article 6-Bulk Sales; Article 7-Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title; Article 8-Investment Securities; Article 9-Secured Transactions, Sales of Accounts, Contract Rights and Chattel Paper; and Article 10-the Effective Date and Repealer.

IDAHO
The Uniform Commercial Code in Idaho is governed pursuant to Title 28. The code is divided into ten sections including the following: Chapter 1)-General Provisions; Chapter 2)-Sales; Chapter 3)-Commercial Paper; Chapter 4)-Bank Deposits and Collections; Chapter 5)-Letters of Credit; Chapter 6)-Bulk Transfers; Chapter 7)-Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title; Chapter 8)-Investment Securities; Chapter 9)-Secured Transactions and Other Sales of Accounts, Contract Rights and Chattel Paper; and Chapter 10)-Effective Date and Repealer.

ILLINOIS
In Illinois, the Uniform Commercial Code is found under Chapter 810. The Illinois Commercial Code is divided into the following articles: 1.)-General Provisions; 2.)-Sales; 2A.)-Leases; 3.)-Negotiable Instruments; 4.)-Bank Deposits and Collections; 4A.)-Funds Transfers; 5.)-Letters of Credit; 6.)-Bulk Transfers (which has been repealed); 7.)-Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title; 8.)-Investment Securities; 9.)-Secured Transactions: Sales of Account, Contract Rights and Chattel Paper; 10.)-Effective Date and Repealer; 11.)-Effective Date and Transition Amendatory Act of 1972; and 12.)-Effective Date and Transition Amendatory Act of 1987. Article 1 under General Provisions provides for general definitions and principles of interpretation. Particular attention is drawn to Section 5/1-202 which provides general definitions. Article 2 is devoted to Sales and is broken down into seven(7) subparts which include: Part 1.)-General Construction and Subject Matter; Part 2.)-Form, Formation and Readjustment of Contract; Part 3.)-General Obligation and Construction of Contract; Part 4.)-Title Creditors and Good Faith Purchasers; Part 5.)-Performance; Part 6.)-Breach, Reputation and Excuse; and Part 7.)-Remedies. Article 3 relates to Negotiable Instruments and includes eight(8) parts, including: Part 1-General Definitions, Part 2-Negotiation and Endorsement, Part 3-Enforcement of Instruments, Part 4- Liability of Parties, Part 5- Dishonor, Part 6-Discharge and Payment, Part 7-Advice of International Sight Draft, and Part 8-Miscellaneous. Article 4 relates to Bank Deposits and Collections. Article 4 also includes five(5) subparts. The five(5) subparts are broken down into: Part 1.)-General Provisions and Definitions, Part 2.)-Collection of Items: Depository and Collecting Banks, Part 3.)-Collection of Items; Payor Banks, Part 4.)-Relationship Between Payor Banks and Customers, and Part 5.)-Collection of Documentary Drafts. Article 5 deals with Letters of Credit, and Article 6, which dealt with Bulk Transfers was repealed on January 1, 1992. Bulk Sales Transfers was brought into existence due to potential fraud which may have occurred when a merchant would sell inventory and abscond with the proceeds leaving certain creditors unpaid. To some limited extent, the law of fraudulent conveyances ameliorated the creditor’s plight. Other legislation is also used to rectify such problems; therefore, Bulk Transfer regulations were no longer necessary. Thus, the law was repealed. Article 7 deals with Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title. Article 8 deals with Investment Securities. Secured Transactions are governed under Article 9, and such transactions include Sales of Accounts, Contract Rights and Chattel Paper.

INDIANA
The Uniform Commercial Code or the Commercial Law in Indiana is found in Title 26. In Title 26, the Uniform Commercial Code is known as Article 1. It deals with all commercial transactions and is broken down into the following nine chapters. Chapter 1 of the Uniform Commercial Code of Indiana relates to general provisions. Chapter 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code relates to Sales. Chapter 3 relates to Commercial Paper. Chapter 4 relates to Bank Deposits and Collections. Chapter 5 relates to Letters of Credit. Chapter 6 was written for Bulk Transfers. Chapter 7 is written relative to Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title. Chapter 8 is written for Investment Securities, and Chapter 9 is written for Secured Transactions. Each of these chapters is then broken down into various sections which govern commercial transactions in the state of Indiana.

IOWA
The Uniform Commercial Code in the state of Iowa is found under Chapter 554 of the Code of Iowa. The major sections of the Uniform Commercial Code, which are designed for convenience, consistency and fairness, include: Article I-Article; Article IISales (this section is subdivided into: open price term, risk of loss, modification of a contract and specific performance); Article III-Commercial Paper (divided into deposit endorsements, restrictive endorsements and bank collections, effect of unauthorized signature, liability of accommodation party and time for presentment); Article IV-Bank Deposits and Collections (this Article is divided into items returned and direct presentation with media of remittance); Article V-Letters of Credit; Article VII Documents of Title-Destination Bills; Article VIII-Investment Securities (including general terminology, registered instruments as negotiable and investment securities); Article IX-Secured Transactions (in general, use of inventory as collateral, secured line of credit, proceeds, fixtures, modification of contract, formalities of financing statement, default provisions and forfeitures.)

KANSAS
Under the Kansas statutes, the Uniform Commercial Code is found under Chapter 18. Chapter 18 is divided into the following sections: the general provisions begin at Article 18-4, sales is 84-2 et seq., commercial paper is 84-3 et seq., bank deposits and collections is 84-4 et seq., letters of credit are 84.5 se seq., bulk transfers are 84.6 et seq., warehouse receipts are 84-7 et seq., investment securities are 84-8 et seq., and secured transactions are found at 84-9 et seq. The effective date and repealer are found at Section 84-10-101.

KENTUCKY
The Uniform Commercial Code in the state of Kentucky is found under Chapter 355. The Commercial Code in Kentucky is broken down into the following: Article 1)-General Provisions, broken down into 2 parts (Part 1-Instruction Application and Subject Matter of the Chapter and Part 2-General Definitions and Principles of Interpretation); Article 2)-Sales, broken down into 7 subparts (Part 1-General Construction Subject Matter; Part 2-Form, Formation and Readjustment of Contract; Part 3-General Obligations and Construction of Contract; Part 4-Title Creditors and Good Faith Purchasers; Part 5-Performance; Part 6-Breach, Repudiation and Excuse; and Part 7-Remedies), Article 3)-Comical Paper, broken down into 8 sections (Part 1-Form and Interpretation; Part 2-Transfer and Negotiation; Part 3-Rights of Holders; Part 4-Liability of Parties; Part 5-Presentment, Notice of Dishonor and Protest; Part 6-Discharge; Part 7-Advise of International Sight Draft; and Part 8-Miscellaneous), Article 4)-Bank Deposits and Collections, broken down into 5 parts (Part 1-General Provisions and Definitions, Part 2-Collection of Items: Depository and Collecting Banks, Part 3-Collection of Items: Payor Banks, Part 4-Relationship between Payor Bank and its Customer, and Part 5-Collection of Documentary Drafts), Article 5)-Letters of Credit, Article 6)-Bulk Transfers, Article 7)-Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title, broken down into 6 parts (Part 1-General, Part 2-Warehouse Receipts: Special Provisions, Part 3-Bills of Lading: Special Provisions, Part 4-Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: General Obligations, Part 5-Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: Negotiation and Transfer, Part 6-Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: Miscellaneous Provisions), Article 8)-Investment Securities, broken down into 4 parts (Part 1-Short Title and General Matters, Part 2-Issue-Issuer, Part 3-Purchase and Part 4-Registration), Article 9)-Secured Transactions-Sales of Accounts, Contract Rights and Chattel Paper, broken down into 5 parts (Part 1-Short Title, Applicability and Definitions, Part 2-Validity of Security Agreements and Rights of Parties thereto, Part 3-Rights of Third Parties-Perfected and Unperfected Security Interest-Rules of Priority, Part 4-Filing, and Part 5-Default), Article 10)-other provisions, and Article 11)-Transition.

LOUISIANA
The Commercial Code was designed for all commercial transactions in the state of Louisiana. The Uniform Commercial Code in Louisiana is divided into the following sections: Chapter 1-General Provision; Chapter 2-Sales; Chapter 3-Negotiable Instruments; Chapter 4-Bank Deposits and Collections; Chapter 4A-Funds Transfers; Chapter 5-Letters of Credit; Chapter 7-Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title; Chapter 8-Investment Securities; and Chapter 9-Secured Transactions: Sales of Accounts and Chattel Paper.

MAINE
The Uniform Commercial Code in the state of Maine is found in Title 11. It is broken down into the following Articles: Article 1)-General Provisions; Article 2)-Sales; Article 3)-Negotiable Instruments; Article 4)-Bank Deposits and Collections; Article 5)-Letters of Credit; Article 6)-(was Relating to Bulk Transfers, however, has been repealed); Article 7)-Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title; Article 8)-Investment Securities; and Article 9)-Secured Transactions, Sales of Accounts, Contract Rights and Chattel Paper. The Uniform Commercial Code is designed to regulate various contracts and the formation of contracts in the state of Maine.

MARYLAND
The Commercial Law in the state of Maryland involves changes which have occurred in 1972, 1981, 1989, 1990 and 1991. What formerly were various “Articles” of the Uniform Commercial Code are now called “Titles.” Titles 1 through 10 of the Article which relates to Commercial Law in Maryland had derived from the original Uniform Commercial Code. The Commercial Law of the Annotated Code of Maryland is divided into the following titles: Title 1)-General Provisions; Title 2)-Sales; Title 3)-Commercial Paper; Title 4)-Bank Deposits and Collections; Title 4A)-Funds Transfers; Title 5)-Letters of Credit; Title 6)-Bulk Transfers; Title 7)-Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title; Title 8)-Investment Securities; Title 9)-Secured Transactions, Sales of Accounts, Contract Rights and Chattel Paper; Title 10)-Effective Date and Repealer; and Title 11)-Trade Regulation. The Commercial Law of Maryland also includes what formerly was credit regulations and those various titles include: Title 12)-Credit Regulations, Title 13-Consumer Protection Act, Title 14-Miscellaneous Consumer Protection Provisions, Title 15)-Debt Collection-Special Provisions, Title 16)-Statutory Liens on Personal Property, Title 17)-Disposition of Abandoned Property, Title 18)-Bills of Lading and Warehouse Receipts-Criminal provisions, and Title 19)-Equipment Dealer Contract Act.

MASSACHUSETTS
The Uniform Commercial Code in Massachusetts is found under Chapter 106. The Massachusetts Uniform Commercial Code is divided into several subsections including the following: Article 1)-General Provisions; Article 2)-Sales; Article 3)-Commercial Paper; Article 4)-Bank Deposits and Collections; Article 5)-Letters of Credit; Article 6)-Bulk Transfers; Article 7)-Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title; Article 8)-Investment Securities; and Article 9)-Secured Transactions-Sales of Accounts and Chattel Paper. The Massachusetts Uniform Commercial Code is modeled after the standard Uniform Commercial Code with some state modifications which are particular to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

MICHIGAN
The Michigan Uniform Commercial Code may be found at Section 440.1101 et. seq. of the Michigan Code. The Uniform Commercial Code is divided into several Articles including: Article 1)-General Provisions; Article 2)-Sales; Article 2A)-Leases; Article 3)-Negotiable Instruments; Article 4)-Bank Deposits and Collections; Article 4A)-Funds Transfers; Article 5)-Letters of Credit; Article 6)-Bulk Transfers; Article 7)-Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and other documents of title; Article 8)-Investment Securities; and Article 9)-Secured Transactions, Sales of Accounts and Chattel Paper. The Uniform Commercial Code was one of the Uniform laws adopted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State laws and American Law Institute governing commercial transactions.

MINNESOTA
The Uniform Commercial Code was adopted as the Uniform Law as originally drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute regarding commercial transactions. The laws were initially drafted to include sales and leasing of goods, the transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits and collections, letters of credit, bulk sales (now repealed in most states), warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities and secured transactions. The principal chapter in Minnesota is Chapter 336. The Uniform Commercial Code may be found at 336.1-101 et. seq.

MISSISSIPPI
In Mississippi, Title 75 relates to the Regulation of Trade, Commerce and Investments. Chapters 1 through 10 of Title 75 are known as the “Uniform Commercial Code” and cover the following areas: Chapter 1) General Provisions; Chapter 2) Sales; Chapter 3) Commercial Property; Chapter 4) Bank Deposits and Collections; Chapter 5) Letters of Credit; Chapter 6) previously related to Bulk Transfers; Chapter 7) Documents of Title; Chapter 8) Investment Securities; Chapter 9) defines the parameters for Secured Transactions, Sales of Accounts, Contract Rights and Chattel Paper; and Chapter 10) the Effective Date and Repealer. The Mississippi regulation of Trade and Commerce and Investments under Title 75 also involves other transactional occurrences which involve the Uniform Commercial Code and those chapters include: Chapter 11-Effective Date and Transition Provisions; Chapter 13-Bills, Notes and Other Writings; Chapter 15-Sale of Checks; Chapter 17-Interest; Chapter 19-Seals; Chapter 21-Trusts and Combines in restraint or Hindrance of trade; Chapter 23-Fair Trade Laws; Chapter 25-Registration of Trademarks and Labels; Chapter 27-Weights and Measures; Chapter 29-Sale and Inspection of Food and Drugs; Chapter 31-Milk and Milk Products; Chapter 33-Meat, Food and Poultry Regulation and Inspection; Chapter 35-Meat Inspection; Chapter 37-Operation of Frozen Food Locker Plants; Chapter 39-Sale of Baby Chicks; Chapter 40-Importation and Sale of Wild Animals; Chapter 41-Gins; Chapter 43-Farm Warehouses; Chapter 44-Grain Warehouses; Chapter 45-Commercial Feeds and Grains; Chapter 47-Commercial Fertilizers; Chapter 49-Movable Homes; Chapter 51-Water Heaters; Chapter 53-Paints, Varnishes and Similar Materials; Chapter 55-Gasoline and Petroleum Products; Chapter 56-Antifreeze and Summer Coolants; Chapter 57-Liquefied Petroleum Gases; Chapter 59-Correspondence Courses; Chapter 61-Manufacture and Sale of Jewelry and Optical Equipment; Chapter 63-Sale of Cemetery Merchandise (and funeral services); Chapter 65-Going Out of Business Sales and Unsolicited Goods; Chapter 66-Home Solicitation Sales; Chapter 67-Loans; Chapter 69-Farm Loan Bonds; Chapter 71-Uniform Securities Law; Chapter 72-Business Takeovers; Chapter 73-Hotels and Innkeeper; Chapter 74-Youth Camps; Chapter 75-Amusements, Exhibitions and Athletic Events; and Chapter 77-Repurchase of Inventories for Retailers Upon Termination of Contract. The foregoing list some of the more commonly used Chapters of Title 75 in Mississippi.

MISSOURI
In Missouri, a Uniform Commercial Code is found under Title XXVI, entitled Trade and Commerce. This Commercial Code is identified as Chapter 400 of Title XXVI.

MONTANA
The Uniform Commercial Code in the State of Montana is found under Title 30. Title 30 is divided into chapters devoted to specific topics including the following: Chapter 1-) General Provisions; Chapter 2) Sales; Chapter 2A) leases: Chapter 3) Negotiable Instruments; Chapter 4) Bank Deposits and Collections; Chapter 4A) Funds Transfers; Chapter 5) Letters of Credit; Chapter 6) Bulk Sale Transfers (however, this item has been repealed); Chapter 7) Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title; Chapter 8) Investment Securities; Chapter 9) Secured Transactions; Chapter 10) Securities Regulations; Chapter 11) Sales; Chapter 12) Weights, Measures, Standards and Labeling; Chapter 13) Assumed Business Names, Trademarks, and Related Rights; Chapter 14) Unfair Trade Practices and Consumer Protection; Chapter 15) Foreign-Trade Zones; and Chapter 16) Small Business Licensing Coordination.

NEBRASKA
The Uniform Commercial Code in Nebraska is broken down into twelve(12) Articles which include the following: Article 1)-General Provisions; Article 2)-Sales; Article 2A)-Leases; Article 3)-Negotiable Instruments; Article 4)-Bank Deposits and Collections; Article 4A)-Funds Transfers; Article 5)-Letters of Credit; Article 6)-Bulk Transfers (repealed); Article 7)-Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title; Article 8)-Investment Securities; Article 9)-Secured Transactions, Sales of Accounts and Chattel Paper; and Article 10)-Effective Date and Repealer.

NEVADA
The Uniform Commercial Code adopted by Nevada is similar to the Uniform Commercial Code drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute of Governing Commercial Transactions. The Uniform Commercial Code as contained in Nevada is a revised statute, Sections 104.1101 through 104.9507.

NEW HAMPSHIRE
In New Hampshire, the Uniform Commercial Code, also known as the UCC, is one of the uniform laws which was drafted by the National Conference on Commissioners for Uniform State Laws and was adopted by New Hampshire. It may be found under Chapter 382A and became effective July 1, 1961. Its principal sections include topics involving bills and notes, sales, secured transactions, leases, liens, and other commercial transactions.

NEW JERSEY
The Uniform Commercial Code was a uniform law drafted by the National Conference on Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. It was designed to protect individuals relative to sales, leasing of goods, the transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities and secured transactions. The New Jersey Uniform Commercial Code became effective on January 1, 1963. It is found at Title 12A.

NEW MEXICO
The Uniform Commercial Code is a body of uniform laws which was drafted by the National Conference on Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute. The purpose was to govern commercial transactions including sales, leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities and secured transactions. The Uniform Commercial Code was adopted by New Mexico and is found under Section 55-1-101 et. seq.

NEW YORK
The Uniform Commercial Code is one of the systems of laws which is drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on the Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. The purpose of a Uniform Commercial Code is to govern commercial transactions such as sales, leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, bulk transfers, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities and secured transactions. The Uniform Commercial Code in New York was adopted April 18, 1962 and became effective September 27, 1964. The Uniform Commercial Code is abbreviated U.C.C.

NORTH CAROLINA
The Uniform Commercial Code is one of the uniform laws which is drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on the Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. The purpose of the uniform laws, in particular the Uniform Commercial Code, was to regulate sales, the leasing of goods, transfer of farms, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities and secured transactions. The Uniform Commercial Code in North Carolina is found in Chapter 25 and became effective July 1, 1967.

NORTH DAKOTA
The Uniform Commercial Code was a uniform law drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. The principal purpose of the Uniform Law was to establish laws which were common regarding sales and leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities and secured transactions. The Uniform Commercial Code, as adopted in North Dakota, is found under Title 14 of the North Dakota Century Code.

OHIO
The Uniform Commercial Code is a series of laws which are a part of the Uniform Laws drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on the Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute governing commercial transactions. The purpose for the Uniform Commercial Code was to standardize and simplify transactions relating to sales, leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities, and investment transactions. The Uniform Commercial Code is found at Chapter 1301 through 1309 of the Ohio Revised Code. It should be noted that there is significance between the numbers of individual sections of the UCC and the sections of the Ohio Revised Code.

OKLAHOMA
The Uniform Commercial Code is a series of laws drafted and proposed by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. The purpose of the Uniform Enactment was to regulate sales, leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities, and secured transactions, to name a few. The Uniform Commercial Code in Oklahoma is found under Title 12A of the Oklahoma Statutes and became effective on January 1, 1963.

OREGON
The Uniform Commercial Code is a series of laws drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on the Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. The purpose of the common draft include regulations regarding sales, leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities, and secured transactions. In Oregon, the Commercial Code was adopted on September 1, 1963.

PENNSYLVANIA
The Uniform Commercial Code is one of the laws which was drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. The purpose was to draft a common system of laws which principally governed sales, leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities and secured transactions. The Uniform Commercial Code in Pennsylvania became effective July 1, 1954. It is a part of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes and is found in Title 13.

RHODE ISLAND
The Uniform Commercial Code is one of the uniform laws drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on the Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. The underlying purpose of the uniform law was to assure that all states followed certain practices relating to sales, leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment security, secured transactions, etc. The Uniform Commercial Code in Rhode Island is under Title 6A of the General Laws of Rhode Island.

SOUTH CAROLINA
The Uniform Commercial Code is one of the uniform laws which was drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. The purpose of the Uniform Commercial Code was to regulate sales and leasing of goods, the transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investments securities, secured transactions, etc. In South Carolina, the Uniform Commercial Code became effective as adopted on January 1, 1968. The Uniform Commercial Code in South Carolina is found under the General Statues of South Carolina, Title 36 and may be found at 36-1-101 et. seq. of the Code of Laws of South Carolina.

SOUTH DAKOTA
The Uniform Commercial Code is one of the uniform laws which was drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on the Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. The purpose of these uniform laws is to make uniform various aspects of law including sales and leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities, secured transactions, etc. In South Dakota, the Uniform Commercial Code generally became effective July 1, 1967; however, some provisions had become effective July 1, 1966. In South Dakota, the Uniform Commercial Code is found under Title 57A.

TENNESSEE
The Uniform Commercial Code of Tennessee is one of the uniform laws drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. The purpose of the uniform draft was to include consistency relative to sales, leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collection, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities, secured transactions, etc. In Tennessee, the Uniform Commercial Code may be found under Section 47-1-101 et. seq. of the Tennessee Code.

TEXAS
The Uniform Commercial Code is one of the uniform laws drafted by the National Conference of Commissions on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. It is designed to set forth common legal principles relative to sales, leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities and secured transactions. See Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition. In Texas, the Uniform Commercial Code is found under the Business and Commerce Code, Title 1. It was originally enacted in 1962 and amended in 1972, 1977, 1987, 1988 and 1989.

UTAH
The Uniform Commercial Code is one of the uniform laws drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. The purpose was to include laws relating to sales, leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities and secured transactions. The Uniform Commercial Code was adopted under Title 70A.

VERMONT
The Uniform Commercial Code is one of the uniform laws drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on the Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. See Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition. The Uniform Commercial Code was drafted to regulate sales, leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities and secured transactions, etc. The Uniform Commercial Code in the state of Vermont became effective January 1, 1967.

VIRGINIA
The Uniform Commercial Code is one of the uniform laws drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. See Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition. The purpose of the enactment of the Uniform Commercial Code was to make common the transactions relating to sales, leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities and secured transactions. In Virginia, the Uniform Commercial Code became effective on January 1, 1966; see Section 8.1-101 et. seq. of the Code of Virginia.

WASHINGTON
The Uniform Commercial Code is one of the uniform laws drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. See Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition. The purpose of the Uniform Commercial Code was to standardize sales, leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities, and secured transactions. The Uniform Commercial Code became effective in Washington on July 1, 1967. The code is known as Title 62A of the Revised Code of Washington.

WEST VIRGINIA
The Uniform Commercial Code is one of the uniform laws drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on the Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. See Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition. The purpose of the Uniform Commercial Code was to make uniform various transactions involving sales, leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities and secured transactions. The Commercial Code in West Virginia was enacted in its entirety and became effective July 1, 1964.

WISCONSIN
The Uniform Commercial Code is one of the laws drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on the Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. See Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition. The purpose of the Uniform Commercial Code was to set forth common laws relating to sales, leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities and secured transactions. The Uniform Commercial Code has been adopted and followed by the state of Wisconsin. For the Uniform Commercial Code, see Wisconsin Statute Section 401.101 et. seq.

WYOMING
The Uniform Commercial Code is one of the uniform laws drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on the Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute Governing Commercial Transactions. It was principally drafted for the purpose of establishing common laws relating to sales, leasing of goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits, collections, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, investment securities and secured transaction. See Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition. In Wyoming, the Uniform Commercial Code became effective January 1, 1962, and is found under Chapter 34.